A case of skin ulcers secondary to extensive burns caused by flame and heavy metal-containing hydrothermal fluids / 中华烧伤杂志

On May 13, 2020, a 56-year-old man with extensive burns caused by flames and heavy metal-containing hydrothermal fluids was admitted to the General Hospital of Western Theater Command. After being admitted to the hospital, most of the burn wounds healed after treatments such as debridement, expansion, skin grafting, anti-shock, anti-infection, fluid replacement, and wound dressing change, etc. However, in the middle and late stages of treatment, the patient's burn wounds gradually showed repeated skin ulceration and inflammation. After excluding the cause of physical, bacterial infection and others, IgG4-related skin diseases was finally diagnosed by histopathological examination of tissue biopsy and concentration measurement of IgG4 in interstitial fluid, and the condition was improved after hormone treatment. This suggests that extensive burns may lead to the occurrence of autoimmune skin diseases. For the diagnosis of such diseases, it is necessary to combine clinical manifestations, serological examinations, and histopathological biopsy, etc. to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and draw correct conclusions.

Relevance of dental hygiene to student empathy, interpersonal skills, and clinical practice stress / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between dental hygiene students’ empathy, interpersonal skills, and clinical practice stress, and to improve the system and skills necessary in the clinical practice process so that individuals can adapt to and perform their duties as dental hygienists in the future. @*Methods@#From the date of approval until August 30, 2022, dental hygiene students who have experienced clinical practice were conveniently extracted. The sample size was was determined with G*power 3.1.9.7 program and 190 participants were included in the final analysis. Data analysis used the IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 program. @*Results@#Factors affecting clinical practice stress were found to be significantly related to empathic concern and personal distress, which are sub-factors of empathy, and the explanatory power was 19.7%. @*Conclusions@#Based on the above findings, in order to reduce dental hygiene students’ clinical practice stress and improve their interpersonal skills and empathy, it is necessary to provide a systematic program tailored to the student level, and further, to improve the quality of clinical practice education through industry-academia cooperation.

Antimicrobial effects of green tea extract-containing dentifrice / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of green tea extract containing dentifrice on oral disease-causing bacteria. @*Methods@#The antibacterial activity of green tea extract containing dentifrice was examined on the gram-positive bacteria Actinomyces israelii, Enterococcus faecalis, Filifactor alocis, Streptococcus mutans, and gram-negative bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis. A. israelii, E. faecalis, F. alocis, S. mutans, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis were cultured with green tea extract containing dentifrice or control dentifrice; they were then incubated at 37°C under anaerobic conditions and cultured. Following incubation, a microplate reader was used to measure the absorbance and observe the number of bacteria. Statistical significance tests were conducted using the Mann-Whitney test and SPSS 24.0. @*Results@#Green tea containing dentifrice has antibacterial activity against A. israelii, E. faecalis, F.alocis, S. mutans, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis. Furthermore, green tea containing dentifrice killed more than 99.99% of 4 strains of gram-positive bacteria and 2 strains of gram-negative bacteria. @*Conclusions@#The detergent with green tea extract is significantly reduced the bacteria applied in this experiment; dentifrice has a bactericidal and antibacterial effect against oral bacteria. Therefore, the detergent with green tea extract is thought to be helpful in preventing dental caries and periodontal disease.

Research Progress on Insomnia and Microarousal / 中国医学科学院学报

Insomnia is a subjective experience of difficulty in falling asleep and/or maintaining sleep accompanied by the impairment of daytime social functioning due to insufficient sleep quality or quantity to meet normal physiological needs.It has chronic damage to all the human body systems and is the most common sleep disorder.The main mechanism for the occurrence and maintenance of insomnia is the hyperarousal hypothesis,and microarousal,as a cortical arousal,is also involved in the formation of the hyperarousal mechanism.The mechanism and clinical significance of microarousal were reviewed and summarized in this paper in order to guide the clinical work.

Prostaglandin E receptors differentially regulate the output of proinflammatory cytokines in myometrial cells from term pregnant women / 生理学报

Prostaglandin (PG) E plays critical roles during pregnancy and parturition. Emerging evidence indicates that human labour is an inflammatory event. We sought to investigate the effect of PGE on the output of proinflammatory cytokines in cultured human uterine smooth muscle cells (HUSMCs) from term pregnant women and elucidate the role of subtypes of PGE receptors (EP, EP, EP and EP). After drug treatment and/or transfection of each receptor siRNA, the concentrations of inflammatory secreting factors in HUSMCs culture medium were detected by the corresponding ELISA kits. The results showed that, PGE increased interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) output, decreased chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8) output in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on IL-1β and chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2) secretion of HUSMCs. EP/EP agonist 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE stimulated IL-6 and TNFα whilst suppressing IL-1β and CXCL8 output. The effects of 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE on IL-1β and CXCL8 secretion were remained whereas its effect on IL-6 and TNFα output did not occur in the cells with EP knockdown. The stimulatory effects of 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE on IL-6 and TNFα were remained whereas the inhibitory effects of 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE on IL-1β secretion was blocked in the cells with EP knockdown. Either of EP and EP agonists stimulated IL-1β and TNFα output, which was reversed by EP and EP siRNA, respectively. The inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) blocked EP/EP modulation of TNFα and CXCL8 output. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and P38 inhibitor SB202190 blocked 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE-induced IL-1β and IL-6 output, respectively. The inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase and PKA prevented EP and EP stimulation of IL-1β and TNFα output, whereas PLC and PKC inhibitors blocked EP- and EP-induced TNFα output but not IL-1β output. Our data suggest that PGE receptors exhibit different effects on the output of various cytokines in myometrium, which can subtly modulate the inflammatory microenvironment in myometrium during pregnancy.

Second-trimester serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, CRH levels in prediction of preterm labor / 上海预防医学

[Objective]To determine the relationship between maternal serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and CRH levels and preterm labor in asymptomatic women at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation. [Methods] We performed a prospective cohort study from January 2015 to December 2017 for asymptomatic women at 24 to28 weeks' gestation and maternal serum. According to the pregnancy outcome, 100 cases of preterm labor were selected as experimental group and another 100 cases of term labor as control group. The levels of serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and CRH were measured by ELISA. The partial membranes of all cases were examined pathologically after labor. [Results] The levels of serum IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in preterm labor group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The levels of serum IL-6and IL-8 in preterm labor with chorioamnionitis were significantly higher than those without chorioamnionitis and term labor (P < 0.05). The level of IL-1 in preterm labor without chorioamnionitis was significantly higher than that of term labor (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-a and CRH had no difference between the groups (P>0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic curves demonstrated that serum IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 predicted preterm labor. The area under the curve (AUC) of IL-1 was 0.843. The AUC of IL-6 was0.675 and IL-8 was 0.55. [Conclusion] Maternal serum IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in asymptomatic women at24 to 28 weeks' gestation are useful markers for prediction of preterm labor.

Mechanical characteristics of the spirochete flagella in 2D micro-periplasmic space / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate mechanical characteristics of the spirochete flagella with tight-fitting ribbon configuration in micro-periplasmic space. Methods The 2D model of two parallel plates was used to simplify the periplasmic space, and the effects of flagellum spacing and eccentricity on force and torque acted on the spirochete flagella, and wall shear stress acted on the spirochete protoplasmic cylinder were studied by using numerical simulation method. Results (1) The relationship between the flagellum horizontal force and eccentricity was presented as a parabolic curve, and the peak value of the flagellum horizontal force was mainly caused by the gradual increase of pressure difference at two sides of the cylinder and the resistance viscous force as well. Flagellum spacing had no significant influence on flagellum horizontal force. (2) The relationship between the flagellum torque and eccentricity was presented as an exponential curve, and smaller flagella spacing would cause bigger flagella torque. (3) Flagellum spacing had no significant effect on wall shear stress of the protoplasmic cylinder, but it would be increased with the number of flagella and the eccentricity increasing. Conclusions Numerical simulation results in this study can qualitatively reflect mechanical characteristics of the spirochete flagella, and also provide references for further understanding the morphology of spirochete as well as its kinematic mechanism and pathogenic characteristics.

Preparation of curcumin-loaded long-circulating liposomes and its pharmacokinetics in rats / 中国中药杂志

Curcumin has a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical properties such as antitumor, antioxidant, antiamyloid, and anti-inflammatory activity. However, poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin are major challenge in its development as a useful drug. To overcome many of these problems, curcumin-loaded long-circulating liposomes (Cur-LCL) were prepared by the ethanol injection method. Morphology of Cur-LCL was observed by transmission electron microscope, mean particle size and Zeta potential were detected by laser particle size analyzer, entrapment efficiency and drug loading were evaluated by ultracentrifugation. The drug release behavior in vitro and pharmacokinetic behavior in rats of Cur-LCL were investigated with curcumin (Cur) and curcumin liposomes (Cur-Lips) as control. The results showed that the mean diameter of Cur-LCL was 110 nm, the Zeta potential was -5.8 mV. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading of Cur-LCL was 80.25%, 2.06%, respectively. The release behavior in vitro studied by dialysis in PBS buffer showed significant sustained release profile that 48.95% Cur were released from Cur-LCL in 7 h, 88.92% in 24 h. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that compared with Cur and Cur-Lips, the t(1/2beta) of Cur-LCL was extended to 13 and 1.8-fold, respectively. Besides, the AUC values was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the clearance was evidently decreased (P < 0.01). These results from in vitro and in vivo indicated that Cur-LCL were able to realize controlled drug release and increase circulation time.

Diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy for soft tissue tumors / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the diagnostic value and pitfalls of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) of soft tissue tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and six cases of CNB specimens encountered during the period from 2007 to 2012 were enrolled into the study. The pathologic diagnosis using CNB was compared with that using surgical specimens. Diagnostic accuracy was analyzed using Chi-square test, with respect to the histologic pattern (such as spindle cell and myxoid), biologic behavior (benign versus malignant) and immunohistochemical results. The 59 cases of sarcoma were subdivided into three grades according to FNCLCC grading system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histologic diagnosis could be made in 84.0% (89/106) cases. Thirteen cases were non-diagnostic on CNB. There were 4 cases on CNB showing diagnostic discrepancy with surgical specimens. Four cases of "benign lesions" on CNB found to be myxoid liposarcoma and lipoma-like liposarcoma upon resection. In general, myxoid pattern (9/17) seen on CNB showed less diagnostic correlation with surgical specimens, as compared to spindle cell and other histologic patterns (P < 0.01). The rate of diagnostic correlation was 79.7% (49/59) for the 59 cases of sarcoma studied, with grade 2 and grade 3 sarcoma showing better correlation (in contrast to 7/17 for grade 1 sarcoma) (P < 0.01). Comparative analysis showed no significant difference between benign/borderline tumors and sarcomas. The application of immunohistochemical study did not result in significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy on CNB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ultrasound-guided CNB is a reliable tool in pathologic diagnosis of soft tissue tumors and shows a high accuracy rate especially for high-grade sarcoma. Tumors with myxoid pattern, lipomatous tumors and grade 1 sarcomas are associated with lower diagnostic accuracy on CNB. Correlation with clinicoradiologic findings would also be helpful in diagnostic evaluation and surgical planning.</p>

Comparative analysis of cytopathologic and histopathologic diagnosis in the transbronchial needle aspiration specimens / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the cytopathologic features of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) samples and to evaluate the role of cytopathology in the diagnosis and staging of lung carcinomas, as compared to histopathology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred seventy-four cytology specimens were collected by TBNA using 21-gauge needle, including 65 lung masses and 309 lymph nodes. Direct smears and liquid-based thin-layer preparations were performed for each case. The correlation between cytology and histopathologic diagnoses were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, false negative rate and accuracy of cytopathology in diagnosing lung carcinomas by TBNA was 95.7% (88/92) (266/278), 100% (96/96), 0 (0/96), 4.3% (12/278) and 96.8% (362/374), respectively. Overall 62.8% (167/266) of the cases were precisely typed, including 95.7% (88/92) of small cell carcinoma, 73.5% (25/34) of squamous cell carcinoma and 67.9% (53/78) of adenocarcinoma. There was no statistical difference in the diagnostic accuracy of cytopathology between lung mass aspiration and mediastinal lymph node aspiration, as well as between subcarinal lymph node aspiration and other lymph node aspiration (all P > 0.05). There was also no statistical difference in the diagnostic accuracy between direct smears and liquid-based preparations (χ(2) = 0.11, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cytopathology of TBNA specimens is accurate and sensitive for diagnosing pulmonary carcinomas. In most cases, the lung carcinoma can be precisely typed. TBNA is useful for diagnosing and staging lung carcinomas.</p>

ICAM-1 469K/E gene polymorphisms increase the risk of gastric dysplasia / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of ICAM-1 469K/E gene polymorphisms on the risk of atrophic gastritis and dysplasia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ICAM-1 469K/E gene polymorphisms in a total of 372 subjects were detected by polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing. All of the subjects were from Linqu County, a high risk area of gastric cancer in Shandong Province of northern China. All cases were initially diagnosed as normal or superficial gastritis at the beginning of this study. After a 5-year follow-up, the cases were subdivided into no progression group (no histological progression, n=137), progression group I (progressed to severe chronic atrophic gastritis, n=194) and progression group II (progressed to low-grade dysplasia, n=41).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all 372 subjects, the frequencies of KK, KE or EE genotype of ICAM-1 K469E were 50.5%, 39.2% and 10.2%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the ICAM-1 469K/E genotype frequencies between the progression group I and no progression group (P>0.05). The frequencies of KK genotype (68.3%) were significantly higher in the progression group II than in the no progression group (49.6%, P=0.035), and also than in the progression group I (47.4%, P=0.015). An increased risk of the progressing to dysplasia from normal or superficial gastritis was found in the individuals with ICAM-1 469KK genotype [odds ratio (OR)=2.21, 95%CI, 1.10-4.42].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ICAM-1 469K/E gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with the risk of gastric low-grade dysplasia, but not related with severe chronic atrophic gastritis in a population with high risk of gastric cancer in Linqu County, Shandong Province, China.</p>

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of hepatocarcinogenesis in liver cirrhosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often occurs in association with liver cirrhosis. A stepwise carcinogenesis for HCC has been proposed. The purpose of this study was to observe the enhancement pattern of hepatocellular nodules in cirrhotic patients using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and to correlate patterns of enhancement at CEUS with the diagnosis of hepatocellular nodules using pathologic correlation as the gold standard.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-three cirrhotic patients with indeterminate hepatocellular nodules at ultrasound, underwent biopsy of each indeterminate nodule. Patients with nodules found to have pathologic diagnoses of regenerative nodules (RNs), dysplastic nodules (DNs), or DNs with focus of HCC (DN-HCC), were enrolled in this study. Enhancement patterns of all nodules were examined throughout the various vascular phases of CEUS and classified into five enhancement patterns: type I, isoenhancement to hepatic parenchyma at all phases; type II, hypoenhancement in the arterial phase, and isoenhancement in the portal venous phase and late phase; type III, iso-to-hypoenhancement in arterial and portal venous phase, and hypoenhancement in the late phase (washout); type IV, slight hyperenhancement in the arterial and portal venous phase and hypoenhancement in the late phase (washout); and type V, partial hyperenhancement in the arterial phase and hypoenhancement in the late phase; and another partial iso-to-hypoenhancement in the arterial and portal venous phase and hypoenhancement in the late phase (washout). The correlation between the contrast enhancement patterns and the pathological diagnoses was analyzed by the chi-squared test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 132 lesions were examined with CEUS in 93 patients. Pathologic diagnoses included 45 DN, 68 RN, and 19 DN-HCC. The enhancement patterns observed were as follows: type I, 49 (37.1%); type II, 27 (20.5%); type III, 28 (21.2%); type IV, 9 (6.8%); type V, 19 (14.4%). Nodules with type I enhancement showed dysplasia in 5 (10.2%) cases; nodules with type II were dysplastic in 11 (40.7%) of cases; nodules with type III enhancement pattern were dysplastic in 22 (78.6%), and those with type IV enhancement contained dysplasia in 7 (77.8%) of cases. Type V enhancement corresponded to DN-HCC in 19 (100%) of cases. CEUS enhancement pattern was correlated with likelihood of dysplasia at pathologic analysis (Trend chi-square test, P < 0.001). Pathological diagnosis was HCC in the enhanced area and hepatocyte dysplasia in the un-enhanced area in the 19 DN-HCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pattern of enhancement at CEUS correlates with the pathologic diagnosis of hepatocellular nodules in liver cirrhosis, and may be helpful in predicting the progress from RN to HCC nodules.</p>

The correlation between polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 9 and susceptibility to gastric cancer / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR9 and the susceptibility to gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population-based case-control study was conducted at Linqu county, Shandong province, China, including a total of 248 cases of gastric cancer. Another total of 496 age and sex-matched controls were randomly selected from the same cohorts. TLR2 rs3804099 and TLR9 rs187084 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed from logistic regression models after adjusting for age, sex, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and smoking status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotype on TLR2 rs3804099 in control group were 43.5% (216/496), 46.6% (231/496) and 9.9% (49/496), respectively; whereas those in case group were 53.2% (132/248), 39.9% (99/248) and 6.9% (17/248), respectively. Significant differences in the frequencies of TLR2 rs3804099 were found between case and control groups (χ(2) = 6.665, P = 0.036). It was found that compared with the TT genotype, TC + CC genotype carriers obviously less susceptible to gastric cancer (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.50 - 0.93). Joint effects analysis indicated that the TLR2 rs3804099 TT genotype carriers and H.pylori infectors had higher susceptibility to gastric cancer(OR = 3.42, 95%CI: 2.16 - 5.42), compared with TC + CC genotype carriers and non-H.pylori infection group. The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotype on TLR9 rs187084 in control group were 33.3% (165/496), 49.0% (243/496) and 17.7% (88/496), respectively; whereas those in case group were 35.9% (89/248), 50.0% (124/248) and 14.1% (35/248), respectively. No significant association with gastric cancer was observed for TLR9 rs187084 polymorphism (χ(2) = 1.684, P = 0.431).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings indicate that TLR2 rs3804099 is closely associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer.</p>

Role of KAI1 gene expression and loss of heterozygosity of KAI1 in metastatic potential and prognosis of pancreatic cancer / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of KAI1 gene expression and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of KAI1 in metastatic potential and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of KAI1 gene was studied by immunohistochemistry for CD82 on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. The LOH of KAI1 gene was detected by microdissection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positivity rate of CD82 in primary pancreatic cancer was 76% (47/62). CD82 expression was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in earlier tumor stages (I and II), as compared to the advanced tumor stages ( III and IV) in which nodal or distant metastases were present. The expression rate of CD82 in patients who survived for more than one year was higher than that in patients who survived for less than one year (P < 0.05). The percentage of LOH at D11S1344 and D11S1326 loci was 17%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The abnormal expression of CD82 which participates in malignant progression of pancreatic cancer is probably associated with LOH of KAI1 gene. Detection of CD82 expression and LOH of KAI1 gene may carry potential clinical significance in evaluating the metastatic potential and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.</p>

Association between promoter methylation of cyclooxygenase-2 and expression, and precancerous gastric lesions in a high-risk population / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) methylation and expression, and precancerous gastric lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Methylation status of COX-2 was evaluated by quantitative denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) in 1201 subjects with different gastric lesions. COX-2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection status was determined by 13C-urea breath test (13 C-UBT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percent of COX-2 methylation was increased steadily with the severity of gastric lesions, showing 10.6% of which with superficial gastritis/chronic atrophic gastritis (SG/CAG), 11.8% with intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 13.8% with indefinite dysplasia/dysplasia (Ind DYS/DYS) (chi2 = 8.312, P = 0.016). Stratified analysis indicated that the percents of COX-2 methylation in subjects with H pylori negative still increased with the severity of gastric lesions,of 8.8% in SG/CAG, 10.6% in IM and 14.1% in Ind DYS/DYS (chi2 = 6.629, P= 0.036). Moreover,the methylated proportion of COX-2 was negatively associated with the expression in gastric lesions, from 13.3% with mild expression to 7.6% with strong expression (chi2 = 10.400, P = 0.015).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings indicated that COX-2 methylation was significantly associated with precancerous gastric lesions and H pylori infection, suggesting that promoter methylation of COX-2 might play an important role in the progression of gastric lesions.</p>

Nuclear expression of S100A4 is associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric carcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the intracellular localization of S100A4 in gastric carcinoma cells and the relationship between S100A4 expression status and lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Western blotting analysis was performed to locate the expression of S100A4 protein in sub-fraction components of frozen tissues. S100A4 protein expression was also determined by immunohistochemical method in 131 samples of gastric cancer and 20 samples of matched metastatic lymph nodes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-two of 131 (24.4%) gastric carcinoma showed positive S100A4 nuclear expression and 50/131 (38.2%) carcinoma showed positive cytoplasmic expression. In 32 samples with positive S100A4 nuclear expression, 30 (93.8%) carcinomas had positive lymph node metastases. S100A4 nuclear expression level was higher in gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (29.1%) than that without lymph node metastasis (7.1%) (P=0.016).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nuclear expression of S100A4 is associated with lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma.</p>

Application of multiparameter flow cytometry in diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the role and application of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fresh cell samples from 40 cases of lymphoproliferative disorders were obtained by fine needle aspiration or excisional biopsies. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to study the surface antigens of lymphoid cells. The immunophenotyping results were also correlated with morphologic features seen in the cytology preparations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 40 cases with histologic diagnosis of NHL, 37 cases (92.5%) had the lymphoma diagnosis confirmed by this method. The concordance rate for the 20 cases of B-cell NHL was 100%. As for the 17 cases with histologic diagnosis of T-cell NHL, 12 cases (66.7%) were correctly diagnosed as T-cell NHL using flow cytometry, while 2 cases (11.8%) were interpreted as B-cell NHL and the remaining 3 cases (17.6%) were undiagnosed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry can serve as an ancillary technique in diagnosis and subclassification of NHL.</p>